We are all familiar with the foundations of the very wealthy. Bill and Melinda Gates, Andrew Carnegie, and many more have established wonderful organizations that do important philanthropic work throughout the world. And yet, sometimes I wonder if they understand what charity is all about. Judaism has a unique take on the importance of giving, that may be at odds with much of the rest of the world.

What does Judaism think about charity?

The staggering horror and magnitude of the destruction in Haiti must move all of us deeply. Israel and all other nations have sent rescue teams to save whatever lives can be saved. At times like these, the family of man shows its finest qualities. We pray for all those who suffer to be rescued and healed.

There are those, however, that are tempted to point their fingers at the Haitians and explain to us what sin they committed to bring this tragedy upon themselves. They seek to explain and justify God's ways by putting the blame on the victims of natural disasters.

Does Judaism agree with this approach?

Different nations in the world react differently to the Jewish claim to this title. Some applaud. Others hate. Still others claim the title for themselves. Evangelical Christians, among others, accept the Jewish claim and support the Jewish people in their fulfillment of this role. For centuries, though, the Catholic Church espoused "replacement theology," which claims that they are the so-called new Israel. And, of course, there were the Germans who believed in "the master race."

What is the difference between them, and why is Israel the chosen nation? What does Judaism think?